前言：想要寫出一篇令人眼前一亮的文章嗎？我們特意為您整理了5篇英文推薦信范文，相信會(huì)為您的寫作帶來幫助，發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的寫作思路和靈感。

英文推薦信范文第1篇

尊敬的多莫斯設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院(Doumus Academy)教授：

你好!我叫李xx，是廣州服裝設(shè)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)的主席、廣州時(shí)尚周(Guangzhou Fashion Week)的執(zhí)行主席、紡織服裝專業(yè)的副教授。我非常高興地向你推薦我的學(xué)生會(huì)員馮xx，并且相信它能夠出色的完成在貴校(Doumus Academy)服裝設(shè)計(jì)碩士課程的學(xué)習(xí)。

在20xx年6月舉行的廣州時(shí)尚周(Guangzhou Fashion Week)期間，由廣州美術(shù)學(xué)院(GuangZhou Academy of Fine Arts)向我推薦馮xx同學(xué)，我安排了馮xx同學(xué)參加時(shí)尚周的時(shí)裝后臺(tái)的模特、化妝、服裝管理的組織工作，馮xx擔(dān)任一個(gè)小組的組長，她成功優(yōu)秀的組織了五個(gè)時(shí)裝品牌會(huì)的后臺(tái)工作， 充分體現(xiàn)馮xx同學(xué)的個(gè)性穩(wěn)重、具高度責(zé)任感，工作積極主動(dòng)、獨(dú)立工作能力強(qiáng)，愿意在壓力下工作，專業(yè)素質(zhì)好。鑒于馮xx同學(xué)的優(yōu)秀表現(xiàn)，她是被廣州服裝設(shè)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)吸收的唯一的在校大學(xué)生專業(yè)會(huì)員。

我已從事服裝大學(xué)教育23年，在廣州大學(xué)紡織服裝學(xué)院和科技學(xué)院擔(dān)任副院長10年，過去五年來，我指導(dǎo)過大約400名學(xué)生的獨(dú)立研究項(xiàng)目。五年來，我每年兩個(gè)假期帶40名服裝專業(yè)的實(shí)習(xí)生，他們都參與廣州的大型服裝品牌的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)，擔(dān)任設(shè)計(jì)助理，包括前期調(diào)查、市場分析、面輔料和色彩策劃、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、工藝的分析、成衣的拍攝、服裝服飾的陳列設(shè)計(jì)。馮xx同學(xué)自20xx年起跟隨我的研究項(xiàng)目，她對色彩、面輔料的市場把握度很高，設(shè)計(jì)作品與品牌理念保持一致，她的設(shè)計(jì)思想活躍、創(chuàng)新精神尤佳，尤其在服裝服飾的陳列設(shè)計(jì)、飾品和飾物的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)方面有超越傳統(tǒng)的能力，并在市場得到了驗(yàn)證。她對服裝材料研究，對色彩、品牌文化和設(shè)計(jì)元素的整合應(yīng)用總是能提出創(chuàng)新的觀點(diǎn)。馮xx同學(xué)是我從教從業(yè)20多年極其少見的獨(dú)具設(shè)計(jì)天賦和潛力的優(yōu)秀學(xué)生。偶爾地，她的堅(jiān)韌和堅(jiān)持會(huì)變成固執(zhí)，但通常她都性格很好，頭腦也很冷靜。

我知道多莫斯設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院(Domus Academy)，一所被稱為后工業(yè)化時(shí)代歐洲最著名的設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院。中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)在高速發(fā)展，中國政府在大力的扶持創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)，中國服裝業(yè)從以前的來料加工到現(xiàn)在變成現(xiàn)在的有自主創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)品牌的時(shí)期，很需要國際化的人才。

我竭力向貴院推薦馮xx同學(xué)，我希望貴校能給她一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，讓她在貴校嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶W(xué)風(fēng)和良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中繼續(xù)發(fā)揮她的特長，進(jìn)一步提高專業(yè)知識(shí)，拓寬視野。望貴?？紤]她的申請。

如需要了解馮xx同學(xué)的更多的情況，請隨時(shí)和我聯(lián)系，或給我發(fā)電子郵件， 我的個(gè)人郵箱： 謝謝!

留學(xué)推薦信英文范文(二)

In capacity as Professor of Mathematics at Fudan University?Im writing to recommend Mr. Wang?Gesintosyour PhD program in Computer Science. I have known Mr. Wang since his sophomore year of college?and have acted as his thesis advisor and mentor. In my experience?he is a gifted and diligent student?and an admirably hard worker.

Wang is an impressive student because he has been forced to overcome the significant challenge of a serious illness during his freshman year. When I first met Wang in my Discrete Math class?he did not appear to be anything special to me. While his exam scores were good?they were not as high as I would now expect of him. What I didnt know then was that due to his illness?Wang was attempting to take all of the difficult early mathematics courses at one time?including Discrete Mathematics?Advanced Mathematics?Linear Algebra?and Possibilities. While most students found preparing for just one set of these exams difficult?Wang was overwhelmed by four of them. But in the end?he achieved an impressive score on the final exam?which made me conscious of his unusual determination he demonstrates when confronting difficult challenges.

Mr. Wang and I have often talked about a variety of mathematics and computer science concepts and problems. During these discussions?I always found him to be delightfully intelligent. Not only does he quickly understand the concepts and problems presented to him?he is able to analyze these problems and present solutions. But perhaps most important is that Wangs thinking is intensely rigorous. When looking at any question?he carefully scrutinizes it and if he finds any uncertain issues?he clears them up immediately. I believe this kind of thought is essential to become an excellent computer programmer.

Serving as his thesis advisor?I had a first-hand opportunity to observe the way in which Wangs mind works. In his senor thesis?Mr. Wang mainly discussed two challenging questions in regards toANN. In our books in China?knowledge of ANN and its uses are very rare. Few people in China have studied this topic and consequently?the materials that are available on ANN are limited. Working on this difficult project?not only did Mr. Wang rise to the challenge?but he went above and beyond the call of duty to analyze his secondary sources and test them for accuracy in practice. In this way?he found mistakes in the book that we use. His diligence and hard work made me extremely proud of him.

Mr. Wang is an intelligent?motivated?and industrious individual. Teaching and advising him has been a delightful pleasure. I know that if given the chance to study abroad in America?he will arm himself to become a great programmer he dreams of being. He has the intelligence and background to achieve these goals now all he needs is the opportunity. I ask that you look upon his application favorably and grant him a chance to study in your university.

留學(xué)推薦信中文范文(三)

尊敬的先生/女士：

我非常榮幸的為某某某同學(xué)出具這份正式的推薦信。我是xx交通大學(xué)土木建筑學(xué)院的副教授，畢業(yè)于上海同濟(jì)大學(xué)并獲得博士學(xué)位，目前在xx交通大學(xué)土木建筑學(xué)院教授道路工程專業(yè)課程。某某某同學(xué)參加我教授的道路工程專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)將近兩年了，所以我對該同學(xué)還是相當(dāng)了解的。最近得知，某某某同學(xué)準(zhǔn)備出國留學(xué)深造，并希望我能為他寫一封推薦信，我感到非常高興和欣慰。作為一名我最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生之一，某某某應(yīng)該受到更好的教育和更專業(yè)的指導(dǎo)。因此，我很榮幸的向貴校推薦該同學(xué)。

某某某同學(xué)是我校土木建筑學(xué)院20xx級(jí)道路工程專業(yè)的一名學(xué)生，在其讀大三后，我一直教授某某某同學(xué)道路工程專業(yè)知識(shí)。在我教授專業(yè)知識(shí)期間，他以他的刻苦好學(xué)以及強(qiáng)大的求知欲給我留下了深刻的印象。每次上課他都會(huì)有很多問題提出，而且不全部釋疑決不罷休。他勤于預(yù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)，并且對于一些較難的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，他總是認(rèn)真記錄筆記并和我一起討論。在學(xué)業(yè)后期的課程設(shè)計(jì)中，他總是對自己設(shè)計(jì)的方案進(jìn)行反思，并積極向我請教，然后回去進(jìn)行調(diào)整，然后在反思?？傊?，某某某同學(xué)在做設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)追求每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的盡善盡美。在我看來，他是一名十分有上進(jìn)心的同學(xué)。所以我很希望某某某同學(xué)能夠繼續(xù)他的學(xué)業(yè)，受到更高學(xué)術(shù)成就老師的指導(dǎo)。

鑒于某某某的同學(xué)、我的同事以及我本人對某某某都有很高的評(píng)價(jià)，我真誠的向貴校推薦他，希望他能夠入選貴校的學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目。如果您對于某某某本人的情況以及這封推薦信有任何譯文，歡迎您按照下方所提供的聯(lián)系方式聯(lián)系我。 謝謝!

xx交通大學(xué)土木建筑學(xué)院：xxx

英文推薦信范文第2篇

關(guān)于圣誕節(jié)的英語作文（一）

Very long has not related！ Recently fortunately？ How studied？ Thesuch long time not and you relate very are really embarrassed！ Whenare you coming China？ My father ，my mother and I all very much thinkof you！ Christmas day is drawing near， has not fluttered in the snow andice，

The Christmas tree not long is also high，

The Christmas colored lantern has not shone，

The turkey has not been baked，

The sock has not hung up the window，

The gift has not prepared before，

Wishes your * Merry Christmas *

Again comes China time records comes my family place guest weto welcome you very much the arrival。

Yours

關(guān)于圣誕節(jié)的英語作文（二）

I like Christmas， it is just like our Spring Festival。

Maybe the Spring Festival is much more important and interesting than Christmas， but I like Christmas Day better。 Because we can spend time with our friends and classmates during Christmas。 When it is snowy， Christmas becomes much more lovely， just like in fairytales。 I can imagine I am in a fairytale， the girl who sold the matches is my friend， the ugly duck becoming more and more beautiful and so on。 What a beautiful place！ So we can also call Christmas “Snowy Lovely Day。”

英文推薦信范文第3篇

【1】

感謝培養(yǎng)教育我的**學(xué)校，**濃厚的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍，舒適的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境我將終生難忘!祝母校蒸蒸日上，勇創(chuàng)輝煌!祝校長財(cái)源滾滾，仕途順利!感謝對我傾囊賜教、鞭策鼓勵(lì)的**大學(xué)*系諸位師長，諸位恩師的諄諄教誨我將銘記在心。祝恩師們身體健康，家庭幸福!感謝論文中引文的原作者，他們都是**學(xué)界的名師大家，大師風(fēng)范，高山仰止。祝他們壽域無疆，德業(yè)永輝!感謝同窗好友***、***、***、**以及更多我無法逐一列出名字的朋友，他們和我共同度過了四年美好難忘的大學(xué)時(shí)光，我非常珍視和他們的友誼!祝他們前程似錦，事業(yè)有成!家有嬌妻，外有二房!最最感謝生我養(yǎng)我的父母，他們給予了我最無私的愛，為我的成長付出了許多許多，焉得諼草，言樹之背，養(yǎng)育之恩，無以回報(bào)，惟愿他們健康長壽!感謝我的牌友***、***、***、***，他們和我一起度過了大四無聊的時(shí)光，讓我在寫作之余能有很好的休閑活動(dòng)。祝他們以后多培養(yǎng)牌壇新秀!感謝我的煙友***、***、***。在我沒煙抽的時(shí)候他們總能毫無吝嗇的將自己的煙分給我抽，尤其是在本文寫作過程中，我廢寢忘食，足不出戶，煙抽得很快，他們給予我很大幫助，讓上一支煙，文思如泉涌，快樂似神仙!祝他們永遠(yuǎn)都有好煙抽!最后要感謝我自己，沒有自己的努力，本文是無論如何也完不成的!感謝我以最大的毅力完成了四年大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，在這個(gè)環(huán)境里我能潔身自愛，出淤泥而不染保持一顆純潔的心，真的是很不容易!祝自己身體健康，權(quán)財(cái)兩旺!家里紅旗不倒，外面彩旗飄飄!

【2】

大學(xué)生活一晃而過，回首走過的歲月，心中倍感充實(shí)，當(dāng)我寫完這篇畢業(yè)論文的時(shí)候，有一種如釋重負(fù)的感覺，感慨良多。

首先誠摯的感謝我的論文指導(dǎo)老師**老師。他在忙碌的教學(xué)工作中擠出時(shí)間來審查、修改我的論文。還有教過我的所有老師們，你們嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)細(xì)致、一絲不茍的作風(fēng)一直是我工作、學(xué)習(xí)中的榜樣;他們循循循善誘的教導(dǎo)和不拘一格的思路給予我無盡的啟迪。

感謝三年中陪伴在我身拜年的同學(xué)、朋友、感謝他們?yōu)槲姨岢龅挠幸獾慕ㄗh和意見，有了他們的支持、鼓勵(lì)和幫助，我才能充實(shí)的度過了三年的學(xué)習(xí)生活。

【3】

英文推薦信范文第4篇

案件調(diào)查的介紹信范文一

XX：

本律師事務(wù)所 同志等 人前往你單位聯(lián)系 事宜，請予以協(xié)助。

xx

20xx年x月x日

案件調(diào)查的介紹信范文二

江銀律師事務(wù)所 ：

根據(jù)《中華人民共和國律師法》之規(guī)定，特指派我所執(zhí)業(yè)律師 前往貴單位調(diào)查關(guān)于XX案件。請予以協(xié)助!

xx

20xx年x月x日

案件調(diào)查的介紹信范文三

(20XX)X第 號(hào) ：

茲介紹本所 律師到貴單位調(diào)取并復(fù)印 ，請予以接洽。

xx

20xx年x月x日

延伸閱讀：

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的出國留學(xué)推薦信包括下面幾個(gè)部分：信頭，稱呼，聯(lián)系方式和日期，正文，落款和簽名。

信頭，就是說你要用帶有自己學(xué)校標(biāo)志的信紙來寫，因?yàn)槟愕耐扑]人一般是自己學(xué)校的老師。我們的推薦信是自己打印的，你可以做好一個(gè)信頭放上去，如果你所在的系里有自己的信頭，就建議你使用自己系的標(biāo)志信頭，那樣更好。有時(shí)候

申請學(xué)?？赡軙?huì)要求，推薦信必須具有信頭，并且信頭不能是打印出來的，這時(shí)候你就得去學(xué)校的商店里買那種專用的帶有信頭的打印紙了。 在北大， 學(xué)校的博實(shí)商店就有賣這種紙的，

分紅色和藍(lán)色兩種顏色的信頭。

推薦信的稱呼可以用 Dear Sir/Madam，Dear Admission Officer，Dear Colleague(要求你的推薦人曾經(jīng)在所申請學(xué)校工作過) ，或者 To whom it may concerns等等。

聯(lián)系方式和日期寫在推薦信最上方，信頭之后，一般來說是寫推薦人的聯(lián)系方式而不是對方學(xué)校的聯(lián)系方式。聯(lián)系方式在前，日期在后;聯(lián)系方式寫在左邊，日期寫在右邊。當(dāng)然這里的聯(lián)系方式也可以不寫，如果你在落款中已經(jīng)寫明了的話。抬頭和落款中只要有一處寫到聯(lián)系方式就行。寫聯(lián)系方式的時(shí)候，注意寫上推薦人的職務(wù)、職稱、電話以及 email。

正文也是按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英文正式文體格式，每段頂格寫，段落之間空一行。

結(jié)尾的落款，首先是頂格寫一句敬稱，Yours sincerely 或者 Sincerely yours即可。然后寫上推薦人的聯(lián)系方式。下面給出一個(gè)最簡單的例子：

ours Sincerely,

rofessor XXX

ice Dean, School of Physics

eking University

注意，中間空了幾行就是為了留給教授簽名用的。教授的簽名是憑他自己的習(xí)慣，有時(shí)候姓在前，有時(shí)候名在前，所以你的 Professor XXX 中的名字一定要和簽名一致。至于這個(gè)簽名是英文還是中文，要看教授的習(xí)慣。一般要求用英文簽名，如果教授習(xí)慣用中文，那可以用中文。

至于整篇推薦信的字體，要求統(tǒng)一，不要使用不同的字體。因?yàn)槟阌腥馔扑]信要寫，所以你應(yīng)該盡量使用不同的信紙，字體，字號(hào)，頁邊距等等，盡量使得三封推薦信的樣式看起來各不相同。

要知道教授給你簽推薦信是一個(gè)很繁瑣的過程，一般來說一封推薦信需要 3 個(gè)簽名：推薦信上一個(gè)，推薦表格上一個(gè)，信封上一個(gè);然后還要在推薦表上簽一個(gè)日期。你申請十幾個(gè)學(xué)校的話，教授就要簽 50 個(gè)左右的名字，是很累的。

如果你得到教授授權(quán)，可以自己代替教授簽名，那你就模仿教授的筆跡簽名好了，這樣即使對方學(xué)校有疑問過來核實(shí)，由于教授給你授權(quán)了，學(xué)校也不會(huì)查出什么東西來。

英文推薦信范文第5篇

申請研究生推薦信模板【中文版】XXX教授：

您好!

我叫XX，畢業(yè)于XX學(xué)院XXX專業(yè)，現(xiàn)在XXX。今年報(bào)考了XX大學(xué)的XXX專業(yè)碩士研究生，下面是我的初試成績：

因?yàn)樵诼毧佳?，初試成績并不理想，若有幸能在您的指?dǎo)下繼續(xù)深造，我一定會(huì)更加努力，刻苦鉆研。本科期間，我一直是一個(gè)熱愛學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生，認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，注重實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)踐鍛煉。曾獲得國家勵(lì)志獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金XXX，校優(yōu)秀團(tuán)干一次，校辯論賽最佳辯手，并且已獲得英語六級(jí)證書。此外，雖然本科一直學(xué)的XXX學(xué)，課程幾乎全是有機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)，但是我從大二開始就跟著老師進(jìn)行大學(xué)生科技創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目XXX，立項(xiàng)并通過考核。除此之外，我XX，雖然不是核心期刊，但也是自己大學(xué)科技創(chuàng)新的結(jié)晶。

其實(shí)我就一直想發(fā)郵件給您，但因?yàn)閾?dān)心自己初試不理想，就沒有聯(lián)系任何老師。這次復(fù)試完，我覺得自己也很有信心。我對您的研究方向很感興趣，有強(qiáng)烈的好奇心和求知欲，特別希望能在您的門下就讀，跟您學(xué)知識(shí)，做項(xiàng)目，進(jìn)一步提高自己。若老師能給我這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我一定會(huì)加倍努力，不辜負(fù)您的信任和期望!

非常感謝您能在百忙之中抽出時(shí)間閱信。冒昧致信，懇請海涵!

祝您工作順利，身體安康!

XX

年月日

申請研究生推薦信模板【英文版】To: Graduate Admissions Committee

It is my pleasure to write on behalf of Jane Student, who is applying to the PhD program in Research Psychology at Major University. I have interacted with Jane in several contexts: as student, as teaching assistant, and as thesis mentee.

I first met Jane in 20xx, when she enrolled in my introductory Psychology class. Jane immediately stood out from the crowd, even as a first semester freshman. Just a few months out of high school, Jane demonstrated characteristics commonly held by the best college students. She was attentive in class, prepared, submitted well-written and thoughtful assignments, and participated in meaningful ways, such as by debating other students.

Throughout, Jane modeled critical thinking skills. Needless to say, Jane earned one of five As awarded in that class of 75 students. Since her first semester in college Jane has enrolled in six of my classes. She demonstrated similar competencies, and her skills grew with each semester. Most striking is her ability to tackle challenging material with enthusiasm and endurance.

I teach a required course in Statistics that, as rumor has it, most students dread. Students fears of statistics is legendary across institutions, but Jane wasnt fazed. As usual she was prepared for class, completed all assignments, and attended help sessions conducted by my teaching assistant. My teaching assistant reported that Jane seemed to learn concepts quickly, learning how to solve problems well before the other students. When placed in group work sessions, Jane easily adopted a leadership role, helping her peers learn how to solve problems on their own. It was these competencies that led me to offer Jane a position as teaching assistant for my statistics class.

As teaching assistant, Jane strengthened many of the skills I have articulated. In this position Jane held review sessions and offered out-of-class assistance to students. She also lectured in class several times during the semester. Her first lecture was a bit shaky. She clearly knew the concepts but had difficulty keeping pace with PowerPoint slides. When she abandoned the slides and worked off the blackboard, she improved. She was able to answer students questions and the two that she couldnt answer she admitted to and said shed get back to them. As a first lecture, she was very good. Most important to a career in academics, is that she improved in subsequent lectures. Leadership, humility, the ability to see areas in need of improvement, and the willingness to do the work needed to improve these are all characteristics we value in academia.

Most important to a career in academics is research competence. As I have explained, Jane has an excellent grasp of statistics and other skills critical to a successful career in research, such as tenacity and excellent problem solving and critical thinking skills. As mentor of her senior thesis, I witnessed Jane in her first independent research efforts. Similar to other students, Jane struggled with finding an appropriate topic. Unlike other students, she conducted mini literature reviews on potential topics and discussed her ideas with a sophistication that is unusual for undergraduates. After methodical study, she chose a topic that fits her academic goals. Janes project examined [X]. Her project earned a department award, university award, and was presented as a paper at a regional psychology association.

In closing, I believe that Jane student has the capacity to excel at X and in a career as a research psychologist. She is one of a small handful of student that I have encountered I my 16 years teaching undergraduates that has this ability. Please do not hesitate to contact me with further questions.

研究生推薦信攻略：

每位申請人在準(zhǔn)備申請加拿大碩士時(shí)都面臨一個(gè)很現(xiàn)實(shí)的問題，就是根據(jù)申請要求都必須提供兩到三封教授推薦信。而目前學(xué)生找教授寫推薦信，幾乎都是自己寫，由教授簽名，甚至自行代簽。當(dāng)然，他宣稱是教授授權(quán)的模擬簽字，其實(shí)這都是錯(cuò)誤的，都不是真實(shí)的。

首先，我們要了解推薦信應(yīng)該誰來寫：

1.必須要了解你的人，最好有一年以上，而且是直接了解你的人，親友長輩或間接的人不要推薦。

2.推薦人不一定需要是大師級(jí)或正教授。當(dāng)然具備此條件更好，但往往魚與熊掌不可兼得。

3.推薦人要和你申請的專業(yè)方向是相關(guān)的。

4.寫信的人必須要有時(shí)間及意愿。

重量級(jí)的人基本都很忙，不好意思拒絕，在來者不拒的情況下，推薦信質(zhì)量必受影響。

5.如果離校很久，找不到過去的老師推薦，則找自己工作單位的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)比較恰當(dāng)，如果申請的是MBA學(xué)位，那么內(nèi)容就要注重在工作的綜合表現(xiàn)能力上。

如何寫好推薦信?

1.最好盡早告知推薦人自己的要求。

2.在離寫推薦信的一定時(shí)間(最好在2-3個(gè)月前)時(shí)就提供自己個(gè)人的背景介紹，尤其畫龍點(diǎn)睛的把自己和推薦人在學(xué)習(xí)或工作過程中一些值得一提的表現(xiàn)記錄下來，以便他能寫出具體而真實(shí)的推薦信。

3.寫信的內(nèi)容，本科和碩士側(cè)重是不同的，本科應(yīng)注重申請人全面綜合的能力了解，碩士則應(yīng)注重學(xué)生的學(xué)術(shù)能力包括邏輯，組織，實(shí)驗(yàn)各方面。

4.字?jǐn)?shù)不超過800字，其它文件重復(fù)性的內(nèi)容如成績，排名等則不需再提。

5. 推薦人在推薦信中最好將自己的職稱，工作單位及聯(lián)系方式注明，以便學(xué)校要查詢時(shí)使用。